~(15)N同位素标记筛选高固氮大豆种质的研究

田间自然条件下，利用15N稀释标记技术评价19价大豆种质的固氮能力。结果表明，固氮量和固氮比率的变幅分别为N67～140kg／hm2和35％～60％。筛选出3份固氮量超过N130kg／hm2和固氮率大于55％的高固氮种质材料。15N标记可真实地反映出品种的实际固氮水平。     

东北三省和浙江木耳稳定同位素特征与产地溯源

为探究稳定同位素在黑木耳产地溯源中的可行性,本研究从东北(黑龙江、吉林、辽宁)、浙江产地采集74份代表性黑木耳样品,从新疆采集11份代表性黑木耳样品作为外部验证,采用元素分析-稳定同位素比率质谱仪测定δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N、δ²H、δ¹⁸O值,结合化学计量学方法进行产地溯源判定。结果表明,东北黑木耳δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N、δ²H、δ¹⁸O值分别为-24.5‰～-22.7‰、-0.9‰～3.1‰、-62.2‰～-34.6‰、15.9‰～19.4‰;浙江黑木耳δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N、δ²H、δ¹⁸O值分别为-26.2‰～-24.5‰、-0.9‰～1.2‰、-24.9‰～-9.0‰、19.9‰～22.2‰,两产地黑木耳δ¹⁵N值差异不显著(P>0.05),δ¹³C、δ²H和...     

Discrimination and abundance estimation of wild and released abalone Haliotis diversicolor using stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis in north-eastern Taiwan

The discrimination between wild and released Taiwan abalone Haliotis diversicolor was performed by stable carbon isotope analysis. Abalone samples were collected from Mao Aw Gulf in north-eastern Taiwan. Live abalone and dead shells were collected by divers with an 80 × 80 cm frame. The densities and amounts of wild and released abalone, as well as the survival rates of released abalone, in 1997 and 1998 were estimated. The age of the specimens was also determined from the specific temperature of each month and the inverse relationship between oxygen isotope values and temperatures. Results show that examining stable isotopic profiles proves to be a practical and feasible method for stock discrimination as well as density and abundance estimation. These data would be helpful in assessing the success of abalone culture and release programs, which aim to enhance this valuable marine resource.     

肾俞穴,后三里穴与子宫相关的神经基础

应用辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）法和荧光素双标记法，研究了家兔子宫与肾俞穴、后三里穴的外周神经联系。结果显示，支配子宫与肾俞穴、后三里穴的初级传入神经元及交感节后神经元分布节段部分重叠，在腰１（Ｌ１）脊神经节有少量的荧光素双标记细胞，约占该节荧光素标记细胞总数的２．６％，表明Ｌ１脊神经节有一些初级传入神经元，其周围突分支分布于肾俞穴和子宫，提示子宫与肾俞穴除通过中枢途径联系外，还可通过外周突分支投射的感觉神经元直接相联系；在胸１２～荐３（Ｔ１２～Ｓ３）交感神经节出现大量分别支配子宫和后三里穴的标记细胞，这两种细胞紧密相邻，提示支配子宫和后三里穴的交感节后神经元之间，可能还存在直接或间接联系。上述结果为穴位－内脏相关机理提供了形态学证据。     

Distinctive diet‐tissue isotopic discrimination factors derived from the exclusive bamboo‐eating giant panda

Stable isotope analysis is very useful in animal ecology, especially in diet reconstruction and trophic studies. Differences in isotope ratios between consumers and their diet, termed discrimination factors, are essential for studies of stable isotope ecology and are species‐specific and tissue‐specific. Given the specialized bamboo diet and clear foraging behavior, here, we calculated discrimination factors for carbon and nitrogen isotopes from diet to tissues (tooth enamel, hair keratin and bone collagen) for the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), a species derived from meat‐eating ancestors. Our results showed that carbon discrimination factor obtained from giant panda tooth enamel (ε ¹³C_{diet‐enamel} = 10.0‰) and nitrogen discrimination factors from hair keratin (Δ¹⁵N_diet‐hair = 2.2‰) and bone collagen (Δ¹⁵N_{diet‐collagen} = 2.3‰) were lower, and carbon discrimination factors from hair keratin (Δ¹³C_diet‐hair = 5.0‰) and bone collagen (Δ¹³C_{diet‐collagen} = 6.1‰) were higher than those of other mammalian carnivores, omnivores and herbivores. Such distinctive values are likely the result of a low‐nutrient and specialized bamboo diet, carnivore‐like digestive system and exceptionally low metabolism in giant pandas.     

和田河流域沙和基岩的角闪石成分及石英~(18)O值

本文运用电子探针和氧同位素测试等手段,分析了和田河流域沙物质及某些有关基岩所含角闪石的种类、普通角闪石的化学成分和石英的δ~(18)O值。沙物质和岩浆岩(钾长花岗岩)在所含角闪石种类以及普通角闪石化学成分上的差异性明显大于相似性,说明后者为前者提供的角闪石有限。另外,沙丘沙含有多种变质成因的角闪石。产生这种现象的合理解释是:变质岩风化产物是沙的重要物源。沙物质中石英δ~(18)O值介于变质石英氧同位素成分范围,并且粒度愈细的石英,δ~(18)O值愈高。根据基岩中云母片岩所含石英颗粒最细、δ~(18)O值最高的特点判断,细沙物质在风扬过程中混入了较多的高δ~(18)O值细粒变质石英。     

猪瘟病毒抗原胶体金快速检测试纸的研究

应用胶体金标记技术(Immunogold Labelling Technique)与免疫层析技术相结合,在玻璃纤维膜、硝酸纤维膜的检测线(T)和对照线(C)上分别喷上胶体金与猪瘟(CSF)单克隆抗体(Ab2)的偶联物、CSF单克隆抗体(Ab2)和羊抗鼠IgG多克隆抗体,制成检测CSF抗原的"猪瘟抗原胶体金快速检测试纸".用该试纸检测"猪瘟弱毒活疫苗"和猪瘟脾淋弱毒苗均显阳性,而对猪源性的其它病毒、细菌抗原均显阴性.经临床测试,该试纸具有微量、特异、快速、简便和结果容易判定的优点,可作为检测猪瘟抗原的一种新试剂.     

女贞果实色素特性研究

从女贞果实中提取色素,对其进行分离纯化,测定其光谱;并采用正交设计方法对女贞果实色素的稳定性进行试验.结果表明:女贞果实色素在20℃,pH值2,氧化剂浓度为0.01%的情况下稳定性好;同时表明pH值对其稳定性影响很小;温度达到80℃时该色素受到破坏,氧化剂(H2O2)的浓度很低时(0.01%),色素就会受到破坏.     

Effect of take-all root infections on nitrate uptake in winter wheat

The effect of take-all root lesions on nitrate uptake of wheat was investigated in two experiments under controlled conditions. Plants were supplied with a nutrient solution labelled with ¹⁵N during stem elongation and flowering to assess the distribution of the isotopic tracer in the different plant organs, and particularly in root segments located on both sides of take-all lesions. The ¹⁵N atom percentage excess measured in root segments located below lesions longer than 1 cm was reduced on average by half compared with that in healthy roots and root segments above lesions, reflecting a reduction in nitrogen uptake by these root segments. This reduction probably resulted from the invasion and breakdown of phloem vessels by the fungus hyphae, interrupting energy supply and thus the uptake process. Severely infected plants showed an increase in the uptake rate per unit of efficient root, which appeared to be a compensatory response to reduction of efficient root biomass in order to satisfy shoot nitrogen demand. However, this compensatory response was insufficient to ensure nitrogen accumulation equivalent to that of healthy plants, as reductions in nitrogen accumulated in roots and aerial parts at flowering were up to 56 and 49%, respectively, for plants with more than 50% of the root system below lesions longer than 1 cm.